graph LR %% 核心架构 Core["佛学核心体系"] --> Tradition["主要传承"] Core --> Theory["教理基础"] Core --> Practice["实践体系"] Core --> Realization["证悟目标"] Core --> History["历史流变"] %% 主要传承 Tradition --> T0["南传佛教\n上座部佛教\n巴利语系\n注重原始教义"] Tradition --> T0a["汉传佛教\n大乘佛教\n汉语系\n显密圆融"] Tradition --> T0b["藏传佛教\n金刚乘佛教\n藏语系\n完整密乘体系"] %% 教理基础 Theory --> T1["四圣谛"] T1 --> T11["苦谛"] T11 --> T111["三苦\n苦苦/坏苦/行苦"] T11 --> T112["八苦\n生/老/病/死\n怨憎会/爱别离\n求不得/五蕴炽盛\n（色/受/想/行/识）"] T1 --> T12["集谛"] T12 --> T121["根本烦恼\n贪/嗔/痴/慢/疑/恶见"] T12 --> T122["业力法则\n引业满业/定不定业\n共业不共业"] T12 --> T123["二障\n烦恼障/所知障"] T1 --> T13["灭谛"] T13 --> T131["涅槃四德\n常/乐/我/净"] T13 --> T132["有余涅槃 vs 无余涅槃"] T13 --> T133["自性清净涅槃"] T1 --> T14["道谛"] T14 --> T141["三十七道品"] T14 --> T142["三学体系\n戒定慧次第"] T14 --> T143["六波罗蜜\n布施/持戒/忍辱\n精进/禅定/般若"] Theory --> T2["缘起论"] T2 --> T21["十二因缘"] T21 --> T211["三世两重因果\n过去二因：无明/行\n现在五果：识/名色/六入/触/受\n现在三因：爱/取/有\n未来二果：生/老死"] T21 --> T212["流转门\n无明→行→识→名色→六入→触→受→爱→取→有→生→老死"] T21 --> T213["还灭门\n无明灭则行灭\n行灭则识灭\n识灭则名色灭...\n乃至老死忧悲苦恼灭"] T2 --> T22["主要缘起体系"] T22 --> T221["业感缘起（原始）"] T22 --> T222["阿赖耶识缘起（部派）"] T22 --> T223["种子缘起（经量部）"] T22 --> T224["赖耶缘起（唯识）"] T22 --> T225["真如缘起（如来藏）"] T22 --> T226["法界缘起（华严）"] T22 --> T227["六大缘起（密宗）\n地/水/火/风/空/识"] Theory --> T3["世界观"] T3 --> T31["三界\n欲界/色界/无色界"] T3 --> T32["六道轮回\n天/人/阿修罗\n畜生/饿鬼/地狱"] T3 --> T33["十法界\n四圣：佛/菩萨/缘觉/声闻\n六凡：天/人/阿修罗/畜生/饿鬼/地狱"] T3 --> T34["三千大千世界"] T3 --> T35["华藏世界（华严）"] Theory --> T4["核心概念"] T4 --> T41["空性（Śūnyatā）"] T4 --> T42["无我（Anātman）"] T4 --> T43["中道（Madhyamā）"] T4 --> T44["佛性（Buddha-dhātu）"] T4 --> T45["真如（Tathatā）"] T4 --> T46["法身（Dharmakāya）"] %% 实践体系 Practice --> P1["解脱道"] P1 --> P11["戒学"] P11 --> P111["基础戒律\n五戒十善"] P11 --> P112["出家戒\n沙弥/沙弥尼戒"] P11 --> P113["具足戒\n比丘250戒\n比丘尼348戒"] P11 --> P114["菩萨戒\n在家/出家菩萨戒"] P1 --> P12["定学"] P12 --> P121["四禅八定\n初禅：离生喜乐\n二禅：定生喜乐\n三禅：离喜妙乐\n四禅：舍念清净\n空无边处定\n识无边处定\n无所有处定\n非想非非想处定"] P12 --> P122["观法\n四念处：身/受/心/法\n不净观/数息观\n界分别观/因缘观"] P12 --> P123["止观双修"] P1 --> P13["慧学"] P13 --> P131["缘起性空观\n诸法因缘生\n诸法自性空"] P13 --> P132["三法印印证\n诸行无常\n诸法无我\n涅槃寂静"] P13 --> P133["四法印印证\n（加诸行皆苦）"] Practice --> P2["菩萨道"] P2 --> P21["发菩提心"] P21 --> P211["菩提心分类\n愿/行/胜义菩提心\n自利/利他菩提心"] P21 --> P212["四弘誓愿\n众生无边誓愿度\n烦恼无尽誓愿断\n法门无量誓愿学\n佛道无上誓愿成"] P2 --> P22["六度万行"] P22 --> P221["六度\n布施/持戒/忍辱\n精进/禅定/般若"] P22 --> P222["后四度\n方便/愿/力/智"] P2 --> P23["四摄法"] P23 --> P231["布施/爱语\n利行/同事"] Practice --> P3["密乘道"] P3 --> P31["四续部"] P31 --> P311["事部\n外三密：身口意相应\n本尊观/供养法"] P31 --> P312["行部\n内外密结合\n曼荼罗供养"] P31 --> P313["瑜伽部\n内三密修持\n三昧耶戒"] P31 --> P314["无上瑜伽部\n生起次第：本尊瑜伽\n圆满次第：气脉明点"] P3 --> P32["三密相应"] P32 --> P321["身密\n本尊手印/坛城观\n大礼拜修持"] P32 --> P322["语密\n真言咒语持诵\n金刚诵法"] P32 --> P323["意密\n本性观修\n光明定修法"] P32 --> P324["双运体系\n悲智双运/乐空双运"] %% 证悟目标 Realization --> R1["声闻果位"] R1 --> R11["初果：须陀洹\n断三结：身见/疑/戒禁取\n七返生死"] R1 --> R12["二果：斯陀含\n贪嗔微薄\n一返生死"] R1 --> R13["三果：阿那含\n断五下分结\n不来欲界"] R1 --> R14["四果：阿罗汉\n断五上分结\n四无碍智\n涅槃寂静"] R1 --> R15["辟支佛（缘觉）\n独觉无师智"] Realization --> R2["菩萨阶位"] R2 --> R21["五十二阶位\n十信/十住/十行\n十回向/十地/等觉/妙觉"] R2 --> R22["三身圆满\n法身/报身/化身"] Realization --> R3["佛果成就"] R3 --> R31["四智五眼\n大圆镜智等"] R3 --> R32["三十二相\n八十种好"] R3 --> R33["十八不共法\n十力/四无畏\n三念住/大悲"] %% 历史流变 History --> H1["根本佛教"] H1 --> H11["佛陀教法\n四谛十二因缘"] H1 --> H12["原始结集\n王舍城/毗舍离"] History --> H2["部派佛教"] H2 --> H21["上座部系\n说一切有部/经量部"] H2 --> H22["大众部系\n一说部/说出世部"] H2 --> H23["分别说系\n赤铜牒部/法藏部"] History --> H3["大乘佛教"] H3 --> H31["中观学派\n龙树/提婆"] H3 --> H32["瑜伽行派\n无著/世亲"] H3 --> H33["如来藏系\n《涅槃经》/《胜鬘经》"] H3 --> H34["净土宗\n念佛往生体系"] History --> H4["汉传佛教"] H4 --> H41["天台宗/华严宗"] H4 --> H42["禅宗/净土宗"] H4 --> H43["三论宗/法相宗\n律宗/密宗"] History --> H5["藏传佛教"] H5 --> H51["宁玛派（红教）\n大圆满法"] H5 --> H52["噶举派（白教）\n大手印法"] H5 --> H53["格鲁派（黄教）\n三大本尊体系"] History --> H6["现代佛教"] H6 --> H61["人间佛教\n太虚/印顺"] H6 --> H62["内观禅修\n马哈希/葛印卡"] H6 --> H63["西方正念\n乔·卡巴金体系"] %% 样式体系 classDef core fill:#E8E5D5,stroke:#A89B71,stroke-width:2px classDef tradition fill:#F5E6C8,stroke:#D4B56A classDef theory fill:#D6E3F0,stroke:#7D9EB2 classDef practice fill:#F0D6DF,stroke:#B27D8E classDef result fill:#D8E9D6,stroke:#8EB27D classDef history fill:#E3DFD1,stroke:#B2A37D classDef l3 fill:#F8F8F8,stroke:#CCC classDef l4 fill:#F0F4F8,stroke:#BCC classDef l5 fill:#E8ECF0,stroke:#ACC class Core core class Tradition tradition class Theory,T1,T2,T3,T4 theory class Practice,P1,P2,P3 practice class Realization,R1,R2,R3 result class History,H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 history class T0,T0a,T0b,T11,T12,T13,T14,T21,T22,T31,T32,T33,T34,T35,T41,T42,T43,T44,T45,T46,P11,P12,P13,P21,P22,P23,P31,P32,R11,R12,R13,R14,R15,R21,R22,R31,R32,R33,H11,H12,H21,H22,H23,H31,H32,H33,H34,H41,H42,H43,H51,H52,H53,H61,H62,H63 l3 class T111,T112,T121,T122,T123,T131,T132,T133,T141,T142,T143,T211,T212,T213,T221,T222,T223,T224,T225,T226,T227,P111,P112,P113,P114,P121,P122,P123,P131,P132,P133,P211,P212,P221,P222,P231,P311,P312,P313,P314,P321,P322,P323,P324,H211,H212,H213,H214,H311,H312,H313,H411,H412,H413 l4